What Is Classification of Steel Beam?

Steel beams can be classified based on various criteria, including their shape, size, usage, and material composition. Here are some common classifications of steel beams.

1. Based on Shape:

I-Beams (or W-Beams): These beams have an "I" or "H" shape when viewed in cross-section. They are commonly used in construction for their high strength-to-weight ratio.

H-Beams: Similar to I-beams but with thicker flanges and a wider web.

C-Beams (or American Standard Beams): These beams have a C-shaped cross-section.

T-Beams: T-beams have a T-shaped cross-section, with a horizontal top flange and a vertical web.

L-Beams (or Angle Beams): L-shaped beams are used as support or bracing elements and have a 90-degree angle.

U-Beams (or Channel Beams): U-shaped beams are often used for structural support, like framing or bracing.

2. Based on Usage:

Wide Flange Beams: These beams are suitable for a wide range of applications due to their versatility and strength.

Hollow Structural Section (HSS) Beams: HSS beams have a hollow cross-section and are often used in architectural and structural applications.

Railroad Beams: Specially designed beams for railroad tracks and bridges.

Column Beams: These beams are designed to support vertical loads and are often used in building columns.

3. Based on Material Grade:

Carbon Steel Beams: The most common type of steel beams, often used in construction.

Alloy Steel Beams: These beams contain various alloying elements to improve specific properties such as strength or corrosion resistance.

Stainless Steel Beams: Resistant to corrosion and staining, stainless steel beams are used in applications where appearance and durability are important.

4. Based on Size and Dimensions:

Beams can be classified based on their size, typically determined by their depth, width of flanges, and thickness of the web.

5. Based on Manufacturing Process:

Rolled Steel Beams: These beams are manufactured by rolling and shaping heated steel.

Welded Steel Beams: Fabricated by welding together steel plates or sections, often used for custom or specialized applications.

6. Based on Load-Bearing Capacity:

Some beams may be classified by their load-bearing capacity, such as light beams, medium beams, and heavy-duty beams.

7. Based on Design Standards:

Beams can be classified according to design standards like ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) or EN (European Norms).

8. Specialized Beams:

Some beams are designed for specific purposes, like seismic-resistant beams or beams for offshore structures.

The classification of steel beams can vary by region and industry standards. When selecting a steel beam for a specific application, it's essential to consider factors such as the required strength, span, load-bearing capacity, and environmental conditions to choose the appropriate type of beam.